SHAKA
SHAKA The Dark History of Hawaiโiโs Iconic Hand Gesture
The โshakaโ or โhang looseโ gesture likely originated from island plantationsโ brutal working conditions.
Hawaii
Go to any surfing beach today and youโd be hard-pressed not to find someone throwing a โshakaโ handโthumb and pinkie extended, three middle fingers curled against the palm. The iconic gesture, sometimes referred to as a โhang tenโ or โhang loose,โ has traveled far from its Hawaiโi origins. Today, American presidents, London nightclub goers, and even the emoji keyboard all sport the shaka hand.
Saa Tamba, owner of Tamba Surf Company on Kauaโi, has been throwing shakas his whole life. โItโs just, from my perspective, a way of saying hi, a way of saying goodbye, and spreading some good spirit, you know, the eternal spirit of aloha,โ he says. Tamba is quick to clarify that the shaka isnโt a wave. โYouโre kind of like throwing it out there, you know, to your friend or someone away in the distance. So theyโre kind of like catching the shaka,โ he says. Tamba throws different shakas for different reasons. Thereโs the casual, one-handed shaka and thereโs the โstrong,โ double-handed shaka for flagging someone down at a crowded concert, or saying hello to a friend you havenโt seen in a while.
The shaka hand grew in popularity across Hawaiโi in the mid-20th century thanks in part to used car salesman David โLippyโ Espinda, who was the first to link the gesture to the wordโwhich is not actually Hawaiian in origin, but more likely Japanese. As a sign-off for his 1960s television ads, Espinda would throw a shaka and then say his catchphrase: โshaka, brah!โ In the 1970s and 1980s, the gesture also featured prominently in reelection campaign ads for Frank Fasi, Honoluluโs longest-serving mayor. While Fasi and Espinda helped make the shaka hand more recognizable in Hawaiโi, surfingโs surge in popularity in the 1950s and 1960s helped export the gesture abroad. As Tamba puts it, โsurfing spread it more than anything else.โ
But the origins of where the shaka hand came from are far murkier than its global rise to emoji-keyboard stardom. One of several versions of the story suggests the gesture originated with early Spanish explorers asking for a drink. Another claims it came from mid-19th-century Chinese immigrants using the gesture to signify the number six.
However, according to the Honolulu Star-Bulletin, the prevailing origin story goes back about a century to Hawaiian plantation worker Hamana Kalili. His job was to feed sugar cane stalks into the rollers of a machine that would squeeze out the caneโs sweet juice. One day, Kaliliโs hand got caught in the rollers and he ended up losing his three middle fingers. The company, the Kahuku Sugar Mill, gave him a new job as a security guard; every time he waved, heโd make whatโs now known as the shaka hand. From there, local children mimicked and spread the gesture.
Accidents like Kaliliโs certainly happened on Hawaiian plantations, perhaps even fairly often. โYou know, there must be dozens of people with three fingers missing in the middle of the hand,โ says historian Mike Mauricio of the Hawaiโi Plantation Village. While we know Kalili actually existed, Mauricio is unconvinced thereโs enough evidence that he specifically originated the gesture.
University of Lisbonโs Cristiana Bastos, principal investigator of the Colour of Labour: the Racialized Lives of Migrants, agrees that Kaliliโs role in originating the gesture is uncertainโbut says the story is about more than one individual. While the story is โmythic,โ she says, Kaliliโs tragic tale serves as a reminder of a time โwhere plantations were very importantโ in Hawaiโi. The role of Indigenous Hawaiians in plantation history is often overlooked, Bastos adds. Ironically, the modern, feel-good shaka gesture is, in some ways, one of the echoes of that little-known, often brutal chapter of Hawaiian history.
When Hawaiโiโs plantations got going in the late 1800s, countless workers endured terrible conditions to grow and harvest โwhite gold,โ or sugar cane, a โvery sharp, unforgiving plant,โ says Nicholas B. Miller, assistant professor at Floridaโs Flagler College and a former researcher at the Colour of Labour project. The grim day-to-day working conditions only degraded further when harvest approached. Sugar cane fields would be set on fire to burn away the plantsโ leaves, exposing the sugar-bearing stalk for easier collection. During these mass burns, Miller says, the fields โwould look like the pits of hell were opening up.โ
Kaliliโs work at the plantation, both before and after his accident, which occurred around 1917, reveals one aspect of plantation history thatโs often overlooked: the role of Indigenous Hawaiians as laborers well into the 20th century. โWhatโs really interesting about [the Kalili] legend is that it implies that a native Hawaiian was involved in the sugar economy well after native Hawaiians are not really seen as part of that world,โ Miller says. Instead, historians often focus on the migrant contract workers coming to Hawaiโi, โsometimes not mentioning that there were Indigenous Hawaiians, too,โ says Bastos.
In the opening decades of the 20th century, thanks to an influx of immigrants, plantation laborers became a far more diverse population. Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, Norwegians, Koreans, Filipinos, Russians, and Puerto Ricans all came to find work in the sugar economy. As the islandsโ population expanded in both size and diversity, Miller says the society was split into haole peopleโwhite outsiders who ran the plantationsโand โlocals,โ which essentially encompassed everyone else. With foreign-born plantation workers considered as โlocalโ as Hawaiians, the centuries-long history of the islandsโ Indigenous community became increasingly overlooked, just one more ingredient in what has been popularly presented as a harmonious melting pot of diversity.
โIf you look from the perspective of Indigenous Hawaiians who were dispossessed and who were not called in that celebration [of diversity] in equal terms, or in the terms that they would want for themselves because they were there beforehand,โ says Bastos, โthen you donโt get to see this as harmoniously.โ
Whether or not Kalili was the originator of the shaka gesture ultimately doesnโt matter. Even apocryphal stories can reveal important truths about who we are, and remind us of forgotten histories. His tragic accident shows us that Indigenous Hawaiians had a greater presence in the islandsโ plantation history than is often acknowledged.
So the next time you see a surferโor an American presidentโthrow a shaka, remember there is some deep history behind what Tamba, like most people, think of as โjust a good way of spreading good vibes.โ
From https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/hawaii-shaka-hand-origin
FLEET UPDATE 2021-12-13
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Introducing the South Pacific Posse
Introducing the South Pacific Posse
June 23, 2021 Barra de Navidad, Jalisco Mexico
The Panama Posse expands route to the South Pacific Posse, increasing the rally from 4,500 nm to an additional 8,000 nm
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HERE IS WHAT IS NOT ALLOWED ( expect where noted ) TO BRING INTO NEW ZEALAND
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Pork products |
Beef, lamb, mutton, goat, venison, kangaroo, possum, and rabbit products Examples: Frozen meat, fresh meat, fillet steak, beef black pudding, beef sausage, spam, canned corned beef, beef biltong, bresaola, venison salami Allowed if: It is commercially manufactured and packaged, in its original unopened packaging, and has the country of manufacturer clearly stated on the packaging.
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Insect and arachnid products Examples: Spider, cricket flour, cricket, salagubang Allowed if: It is commercially manufactured and packaged, in its original unopened packaging, contain no living specimens, and does not require refrigeration. |
Alligator and crocodile Examples: Alligator meat, crocodile meat Allowed if: It is from Australia or the USA, also must be commercially manufactured and packaged, in its original unopened packaging, has the country of manufacturer clearly stated on the packaging, and does not require refrigeration. |
Vegan meat substitute Example: Tofu Allowed if: It is cooked or preserved, and it does not contain jackfruit or breadfruit. Extra tip: It's advisable to have manufacturer information on the product's label. |
Other meat products Examples: Chicken jerky, canned foie gras, glass jar with rubber sealing foie gras, tin sealed foie gras, chicken feet, duck, duck tongue, turkey, bear meat, whale, canned chicken, chicken liver patรฉ, turkey jerky Allowed if: It is canned/retorted, commercially manufactured and packaged, in its original unopened packaging, and does not require refrigeration. Extra tips: Some meat products are protected under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), like canned bear meat or whale meat. They may require CITES documentation to be imported or may be prohibited. |
Sausage casings Examples: Collagen casings |
Vegan cheese Allowed if: It is cooked or preserved and does not contain jackfruit and breadfruit. Extra tip: Advised to have manufacturer information on the product's label. |
Gheeย Examples: Ghee, clarified butter, butter oil Allowed if: It does not contain fresh fruit. |
Butter, cheese, milk powder, and formula Examples: Butter, cheese, infant formula, baby formula, milk powder, ice cream, yoghurt, lactose-free milk, liquid milk Allowed if: It does not contain fresh fruit
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New Zealand dairy products Allowed if: It was made in New Zealand, it is commercially manufactured and packaged, and in its original unopened packaging. |
Protein powderย Examples: Protein powder, whey protein Allowed if: It does not contain fresh fruit. |
Whole eggs Examples Chicken egg, duck egg, emu egg, quail egg, cooked egg, raw yolk, raw egg, boiled egg ย Not allowed into New Zealand |
Dried or processed fruit and vegetables Examples: Sultana, raisin, dried apricots, jams, chutney, relish, edible bamboo, cooked taro, kimchi, vinegar, dates Allowed if: It is fully dried, freeze-dried, dehydrated, juiced, pureed, pulped, cooked, roasted, stewed, minced, baked, parboiled, preserved, pickled, powdered, flaked, made into syrup, made into pills, made into capsules, or commercially frozen. |
Extra tips: ย ย Do not bring fresh fruits and vegetables. ย ย Do not bring jackfruit, breadfruit and monk fruit, even if has been processed as described above. ย ย Do not bring dried citrus products unless powdered, or preserved in brine or syrup, or contained in infusion bags, or less than 5% of an ingredient list in a product. |
Coconut Examples: Grated coconut Allowed if: It is just the flesh and has no outer shell or husk. Extra tip: Do not bring whole, fresh coconuts with the shell and husk. Corn Examples: Fresh corn, home cooked corn, polenta, corn grit, cornflour, freeze-dried corn, cornmeal, ready-to-cook retail packs, vacuum packed popcorn on the cob, kibbled corn, popcorn Allowed if: It is freeze-dried, grit, polenta, cornmeal, cornflour, branded ready-to-cook retail packs, branded vacuum packed popcorn on the cob, popped popcorn, or kibbled corn. Extra tip: Do not bring any other corn product like loose popcorn, fresh corn, home cooked corn. Kava Examples: Kava powder, kava dried roots Allowed if: It is powdered, or dried roots and does not contain bugs, seeds, soil, disease or other plant or animal material. Extra tip: Do not bring fresh kava. Fungiย Examples: Dried mushroom Allowed if: It is fully dried, freeze-dried, dehydrated, frozen, cooked, roasted, stewed, minced, baked, parboiled, preserved, pickled, powdered, made into pills, or made into capsules. Extra tip: Do not bring truffles or Ganoderma. Nutsย Examples: Almonds, peanuts, cashew, hazelnut, macadamia, walnut, peanut butter Allowed if: It is commercially manufactured and packaged, and is listed here: All chopped nuts Hazelnut (no shell) Almond Lotus Nut Apricot kernel Macadamia (no shell) Betel โ dried and sliced Peanut Brazil Pecan (no shell) Candle nut Pine nut โ clean, extracted from the cone & free of any cone scales (woody covering) Cashew Pistachio Chestnut (no shell) Tahitian / Island / Polynesian chestnut (no shell) Ginkgo โ dried and with no fleshy material Walnut (no shell) All honey roasted nuts (do not require refrigeration) Extra tip: Do not bring hickory. |
Seeds for eating Examples: Chia, poppy, pumpkin, quinoa Allowed if: It is listed here:
Extra tip: Do not bring poppy seed type papaver somniferum. Hemp seeds Examples: Hemp seed flour Allowed if: Hemp seeds as food are allowed if it is powdered, crumbed, ground or baked. Extra tip: Do not bring whole hemp seed. Legumes and beans Examples: Lentil, broad bean, chickpea, mung, peas, pulse Allowed if: It is split, flour, or ground, and does not contain bugs, seeds, soil, disease, or other plant or animal material. Extra tip: Do not bring whole or seeds for sprouting legumes and beans. |
Baked goods Examples: Muffins, cakes, bread, scones, fruitcake, Christmas cake, cookies, biscuits Allowed if: It does not contain fresh fruit topping, raw nuts topping, meat filling, dairy filling, fresh fruit filling, or fresh vegetable filling. Mooncakesย Example: Mooncake with whole egg Chips and crisps snacks Examples: Potato chips, crisps, cassava chips, kettle chips, chippy, chippies, cheese puffs Allowed if: It does not contain liquid honey, loose fresh fruit, citrus peel (not candied), or egg powder. Confectionery Examples: Chocolate, candy, lollies, sweets, treats, sweetie, nougat, fondant icing, sugar paste for cakes, marzipan Allowed if: It does not contain liquid honey, loose fresh fruit, loose raw seeds, citrus peel (not candied), or meat. Snack and protein bars Examples: Nut bars, protein bars, seed bars Allowed if: It does not contain fresh fruit. If it contains honey it must also be commercially manufactured and packaged, in its original unopened packaging and either: baked or cooked and does not require refrigeration; or the packaging clearly state the amount of honey is less than 2% of the products weight. Trail mix Examples: Scroggin, any mixture of dried fruits, nuts, seeds & other food items traditionally in trail mixes Allowed if: It does not contain liquid honey, loose fresh fruit, citrus peel (not candied), or meat. |
Honey Examples: Raw honey, honey spread Allowed if: It was made in New Zealand, it is commercially manufactured and packaged, and in its original unopened packaging. Extra tip: Honey is a high biosecurity risk for New Zealand. It can bring in harmful pests and diseases that can affect our bee populations. If in doubt, do not bring the honey. Herbs and spices Examples: Chilli powder, dried basil, cinnamon, cumin, black pepper, green pepper, white pepper, peppercorn, peppermint, seaweed Allowed if: It does not contain bugs, soil, disease or other plant or animal material, and it is listed here:
Extra tip: Do not bring pink pepper, or wolfberry (black goji). Cereals Examples: Oats, barley, rye, rice, flour, quinoa Allowed if It is listed here:
Extra tip: Do not bring whole barley seed, whole oats seed, whole rye seed, whole wheat seed. Meals โ commercially made Examples: Dehydrated camping meals, frozen meals Allowed if: It has been commercially manufactured and packaged, in its original unopened packaging, does not require refrigeration, and contains less than 5% meat which is stated on the packaging. Extra tip: Do not bring meals containing pork Meals โ home-made Examples: Curry, sandwiches, home dehydrated food Allowed if: It does not contain meat, jackfruit, breadfruit, fresh fruit, fresh vegetables, or honey. Extra tip: Store your home-made meal within clear packaging. It reduces the chance for it to be opened during an inspection. Hops Examples: Pelleted hops Allowed if: It is dried, milled, and pelleted and is commercially manufactured and packaged. Extra tip: Do not bring fresh hops. Margarine, Vegemite and like products Examples: Vegemite, Marmite, margarine Allowed if: It does not contain fresh fruit. Mustard products Examples: Honey mustard, mustard Allowed if: It is commercially manufactured and packaged, in its original unopened packaging, and does not require refrigeration. Pesto Examples: Basil pesto Allowed if: It is commercially manufactured and packaged Plant oils Examples: Olive oil, avocado oil, coconut oil, hemp oil Allowed if: It is commercially manufactured and packaged. Extra tip: Do not bring hemp oil containing tetrahydrocannabinol or THC. Note that cannabidiol (CBD) oil has its own rules. Pasta and noodles Examples: Noodles, dried spaghetti, fresh penne Allowed if: It does not contain liquid honey, loose fresh fruit, loose fresh vegetables, loose raw seeds, citrus peel (not candied), or meat. If it contains egg it also needs to be commercially manufactured and packaged, in its original unopened packaging, and does not require refrigeration. Extra tip: Do not bring pasta salad into New Zealand. Salt Allowed if: It does not contain bugs, seeds, soil, disease or other plant or animal material. ย Sauces and dressings Examples: Bbq sauce, vinaigrette, soya sauce, tomato sauce, mayonnaise, salad dressings Allowed if: It does not contain liquid honey, loose fresh fruit, loose fresh vegetables, loose raw seeds, citrus peel (not candied), or meat. If it contains egg it also needs to be commercially manufactured and packaged, in its original unopened packaging, the label states less than 20% egg and does not require refrigeration. Soya Examples: Soya sauce, tofu, soya flour, soya curd, cooked soya, frozen soya, soya milk, split soya beans, grit beans, kibbled soya beans, tempeh Allowed if: It is not whole soya beans. Starters, enzymes and yeast Examples: Yeast, brewers kit, scoby, miso paste, koji rice starter, tempeh Starter, kefir Allowed if: It is commercially manufactured and packaged. Extra tips: If you are bringing starters, enzymes, or yeast, check with New Zealand Environmental Protection Authority: neworganisms@epa.govt.nz Stocks and floss Examples: Stock cubes, stock flavouring, floss Allowed if: It is commercially manufactured and packaged, in its original unopened packaging, does not require refrigeration, and does not require further cooking before consumption but may require rehydration or reheating prior to consumption. Extra tip: Do not bring pork stock and floss products. Syrup Examples: Maple syrup, treacle Allowed if: It does not contain honey. Vanilla Examples: Vanilla pod, vanilla extract, vanilla paste, vanilla essence. Allowed if: It is extract, essence, paste or dried pods. Extra tip: Do not bring fresh vanilla pods. ย Pet food, animal feeds, fish food Allowed? It depends on the product. Tea Examples: Green tea, earl grey, English breakfast, chamomile, kombucha tea, herbal tea, rose petal tea. Allowed if: It is dried and does not contain citrus leaves, or citrus peel. If it contains honey powder it must also be commercially manufactured and packaged, in its original unopened packaging, and it does not require refrigeration. Coffee and cocoa Examples: Cocoa beans, powdered cocoa, nibs, ground coffee, green coffee beans, granulated coffee, roasted coffee beans, decaffeinated whole beans, coffee pods Allowed if: It does not contain any visual contamination like bugs, seeds, soil, disease, or other plant or animal material. Soda and juice Example: Orange juice, cola, lemonade Allowed if: It does not contain fresh fruit. Water Example: Bottled water Allowed if: It does not contain bugs, seeds, soil, disease or other plant or animal material. Plant-based milk Example: Rice milk, oat milk, soya milk, almond milk, coconut milk, cashew milk, flax milk, quinoa milk, hazelnut milk, hemp milk, sunflower milk Allowed if: It does not contain fresh fruit. Human Breast Milk Examples: Liquid and powdered human breast milk Allowed if: It does not contain fruit. Ginseng Allowed if: It is dried roots, sliced roots, powdered, made into pills, made into tea, or a ginseng extract. Extra tip: Some ginseng products are protected under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), like whole/sliced American Ginseng root (xi yang shen). They may require CITES documentation to be imported or may be prohibited. Bamboo Example: Crystallised bamboo Allowed if: It is preserved, blanched, bleached, crystallised, glaced, jellied, pickled, canned, cooked, baked or salted. Bird's nest Allowed if: It is instant bird's nest that is retorted (completely cooked and in an airtight package) and it is commercially manufactured and packaged, in its original unopened packaging, and does not require refrigeration. Extra tip: Not allowed into New Zealand if fresh, dry or raw. |
Equipment and clothing Examples: Used equipment, new equipment, socks, shoes, tent, horse riding gear, camping gear, scuba gear, fishing gear, bicycle, luggage cases Allowed if: It does not contain bugs, seeds, soil, diseases or other plant or animal material. Extra tips: ย ย Clean and dry your items. ย ย Double-check your socks inside and out. Seeds can be easily hiding inside. ย ย Do not bring equipment that has been used within the beekeeping industry, like a smoker or bee suit. Barbeques (BBQ) Allowed if: It does not contain bugs, seeds, soil, diseases or other plant or animal material. Extra tips: Clean and dry your BBQ thoroughly to remove dirt, grease, and charcoal. Wooden items Examples: Chopping board, wood rosary, carving, musical instruments (including guitars), MDF, particle board, plywood, picture frames, processed bamboo, processed cane, processed willow, processed rattan, non-treated wood. Allowed if: It does not contain bugs, seeds, soil, disease, willow, cane, bamboo, rattan, bark or other plant or animal material. Extra tips: Some wooden items can contain animal hide. It must be prepared so that the hide is no longer fresh. Some wooden items are protected under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora like rosewood. They may require CITES documentation to be imported or may be prohibited. Alcohol Examples: spirits, bourbon, vodka, gin, whiskey, egg liqueur, advocaat, avocet, advoket, wine, beer, honey mead Allowed if: It does not contain bugs, reptiles, seeds, soil, disease or other plant or animal material. Notes: ย ย If it contains chicken egg yolk it must also be commercially manufactured and packaged, in its original unopened packaging, at least 14% alcohol, and must not require refrigeration. ย ย If it contains bee products it must also be commercially manufactured and packaged, be honey mead or labelled at least 20% alcohol, and the total quantity of the consignment must be 3 bottles or fewer. CBD oil (cannabidiol) Examples: Cannabis oil, medicinal cannabis Allowed if: It is commercially manufactured and packaged and in its original packaging. You have a prescription or letter from your doctor. Cigarettes and tobacco Examples: Cigarettes, tobacco packets, e-cigarettes Allowed if: It does not contain bugs, seeds, soil, disease or other plant or animal material. Medication and drugs Examples: Vitamins, supplement, capsules, fish oil tablets Allowed if: It is commercially manufactured and packaged, in its original packaging, and contains less than 2% honey, pollen, or royal jelly. It must be accompanied by a manufacturer's declaration if it contains honey. You have a prescription or letter from your doctor. |